😳 *WHY?* ❓❓
*Why do stars twinkle?*
Stars are so far away that each one reaches us as a tiny point of light. On its way to our eyes, this light passes through layers of air that are constantly moving and have different temperatures and densities. Each layer bends (refracts) the light slightly differently, and since the air keeps shifting, the starlight is bent this way and that many times a second. So the star seems to flicker and change brightness — this is called twinkling, or scintillation. Planets look steadier because they are much closer and appear as tiny discs rather than points, so the flickering evens out. In space, above the atmosphere, stars do not twinkle at all.
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📚 *GK TODAY*
31 October — Important Days
Rashtriya Ekta Diwas (National Unity Day): Observed since 2014 on the birth anniversary of Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel, who integrated over 560 princely states into the Indian Union. ‘Run for Unity’ events and the Ekta Parade at the Statue of Unity mark the day.
* World Savings Day
Marked every year on 31 October, it promotes the habit of saving money for a secure future. It began after the first International Savings Bank Congress in Milan, Italy, in 1924.
* Indira Gandhi’s Death Anniversary
India’s first woman Prime Minister, Indira Gandhi, was assassinated on 31 October 1984 in New Delhi. The day is remembered as Rashtriya Sankalp Diwas.
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🐣💐 *BORN TODAY*
*Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel* (born 31 October 1875)
Born in Nadiad, Gujarat, the barrister and freedom fighter led the Kheda and Bardoli satyagrahas, earning the title ‘Sardar’. As India’s first Deputy Prime Minister and Home Minister, he united over 560 princely states with the Indian Union and is called the ‘Iron Man of India’. He died in 1950 and was posthumously awarded the Bharat Ratna in 1991.
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*IDIOMS & PHRASES*
“Shoulder to shoulder”
Meaning: Working together closely, side by side, to reach a common goal.
Example: On Rashtriya Ekta Diwas, people from every State marched shoulder to shoulder in the Run for Unity.
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📖 *SYNONYMS & ANTONYMS*
* Unity: Harmony × Discord
* Integrate: Unite × Separate
* Steadfast: Firm × Wavering
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🧬 *HEALTH CARE: HEALTHY HABITS* 🩺
Protecting your lungs in the smog season
😷 Wear a well-fitted N95 mask outdoors on days when the air quality index is poor.
🏠 Keep windows shut during early morning and late evening, when pollution levels usually peak.
🚶 Shift walks and exercise indoors or to midday on smoggy days, and avoid busy roads.
🥗 Eat fruits and vegetables rich in vitamin C and antioxidants, such as amla, oranges and leafy greens, and drink enough water.
🩺 People with asthma, heart disease, children and the elderly should keep their medicines handy and see a doctor if breathlessness or cough worsens.
Note: These are general wellness suggestions and do not replace professional medical advice.
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Ms. Pooja, |
