The water crisis has affected more than 7,000 villages, 1,100 wards, and 220 talukas thus
far in Karnataka. As Bengaluru grows further outwards and faster than it can cope, water
supply is one of the first casualties.
Water Scarcity in India
India has about 18 percent of the worldтАЩs population but only 4 percent of the worldтАЩs water
resources (NITI Aayog Report, 2017), making it among the most water-stressed in the world.
Monsoon rains are crucial, and erratic rainfall patterns worsen water stress in many regions.
Millions lack access to safe drinking water, relying on polluted sources or struggling to afford
clean water. Rapid urbanization and industrialization are taking a heavy toll on the overall
water demand scenario and widening the gap further between water demand and
availability.
Reason for Scarcity
There are several reasons why the Scarcity problem is prevailing such as:
1. Population growth and rapid urbanisation put immense pressure on water resources
hence raising water demand.
2. Excessive groundwater extraction for agriculture and industry depletes aquifers faster
than they can be replenished.
3. Industrial waste and agricultural runoff contaminate surface water sources, making
them unfit for consumption.
4. Leakages in pipes and canals waste precious water, further straining supplies.
5. Unpredictable weather patterns disrupt monsoons and exacerbate water scarcity.
Measures To Overcome The Water Scarcity
The following measures can be used to overcome the problem of water scarcity:
1. A circular water economy: To maximise the utility of every litre of water and reduce
the cityтАЩs dependence on external sources.
2. Water Saving Techniques: Drip irrigation and other efficient methods are being
introduced in agriculture.
3. Technological Solutions: Exploring desalination, wastewater treatment, and
rainwater harvesting technologies can provide new water sources.
4. Sustainable Water Management: Integrated water resource management that
considers all stakeholders is needed.
5. Public-Private Partnerships: Collaboration between government, businesses, and
NGOs can accelerate progress.
Major Government Initiatives
The government has taken several initiatives to overcome the problem of water scarcity:
1. National Water Mission
2. The Jal Jeevan Mission (JJM)
3. Atal Bhujal Yojana
4. Bureau of Water Use Efficiency
5. National Aquifer Mapping and Management Programme.
6. Accelerated Irrigation Benefit Programme
Way forward
The water crisis demands immediate and collective action. By adopting sustainable
practices, promoting water conservation, and investing in infrastructure, India can mitigate
the crisis and ensure a water-secure future.
References:
https://www.nextias.com/ca/editorial-analysis/11-03-2024/water-crisis-in-india
