Rashtrapati Bhawan (Presidential Palace)

Prerna Gupta
Rashtrapati Bhawan Presidential Palace

Introduction:

  1. The President of India is the head of the state.
  2. He is the first citizen of the country.
  3. He is the symbol of the country’s solidarity, unity, and integrity.
  4. He forms the Indian Union Executive along with the Vice-President, Prime Minister, Council of Ministers, and Attorney-General of India.

Qualifications for becoming the President of India:

  1. The candidate should be a Citizen of India.
  2. He/ She should be at least 35 years old.
  3. He/ She should qualify the conditions to be elected as a member of the Lok Sabha.          Though nor necessarily be part of it.
  4. Lastly, he/ she should not hold any office of profit under the Union government, State government, or any public authority.

Election of the President:

The President of India is elected by the electoral college. There are no direct elections held for the Indian President.
And the elected members of the electoral college comprises of:

  1. Lok Sabha and Rajya Sabha
  2. Legislative Assemblies of the States
  3. Legislative Assemblies of the Union Territories of Delhi and Puducherry

President’s Term in Office:

Once the President is elected, he holds the office for five years. Infact, he remains in office even after the completion of five years until a new election takes place or the new President has been elected. He can also be re-elected, there is no provision otherwise.

Different functions of a President:

Executive Powers
  1. Every executive action happens in his name.
  2. He appoints the Attorney General of India, Comptroller and Auditor General of India, Chief Election Commissioner, Chairman and members of the Union Public Service Commission, State Governors, and Chairman of the Finance Commission of India.
  3. PM submits to the President for the council of ministers, any matter on which a decision has been taken.
  4. He appoints National Commissions of:
    1. Scheduled Castes
    2. Scheduled Tribes
    3. Other Backward Classes
  5. He appoints inter-state council
  6. He appoints administrators of union territories.
Legislative Powers
  1. He summons the Parliament and dissolve the Lok Sabha
  2. He summons a joint sitting of Lok Sabha and Rajya Sabha in case of deadlock.
  3. He addresses the Indian Parliament at the commencement of the first session after every general election.
  4. He appoints speaker, deputy speaker of Lok Sabha, and chairman/deputy chairman of Rajya Sabha when the seats fall vacant.
  5. He nominated 12 members of the Rajya Sabha.
  6. He also nominated two members to the Lok Sabha from the Anglo-Indian Community.
  7. He lays the following reports before the Parliament:
    1. Comptroller and Auditor General
    2. Union Public Service Commission
    3. Finance Commission
Financial Powers
  1. His prior recommendation is a must before introducing money bills or demanding grants.
  2. He controls the Contingency Fund of India.
  3. He constitutes the Finance Commission every five years.
Judicial Powers
  1. He appoints the Chief Justice and the Judges of the Supreme Court and High Court.
  2. He has pardoning power: Under article 72, he has the power to grant pardon against punishment for an offense against union law like the punishment by a martial court, or death sentence.

 
Diplomatic Powers
  1. International agreements and Treaties approved by the Parliament of India are negotiated and concluded in the name of the President.
  2. He represents India in international forums and affairs.
Military Powers The President is the head of the defense forces of India. He appoints:

  1. Chief of the Army
  2. Chief of the Navy
  3. Chief of the Air Force
Emergency Powers President has the power to impose three types of emergency:

  1. National Emergency (Article 352)
  2. President’s Rule (Article 356 & 365)
  3. Financial Emergency (Article 360)
Ordinance Making Power The President has the power to promulgate an ordinance based on the recommendation of the union cabinet as per the Article 123.
Veto Power Veto Power of the President is either reject the bill, return the bill or withhold his assent to the bill. When a bill is introduced in the Parliament, Parliament passes the bill before it becomes an act, and it has to be presented to the Indian President for his approval.

References:
https://byjus.com/free-ias-prep/president/
https://in.pinterest.com/pin/70720656637126438/

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Prerna Gupta

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